Latest research reveals many of our leaf beetles and stoneflies are
on a ‘red list’ of species that are under threat of local extinction.
CRS’s
Head of Environment commented ‘Environmental Protection can be a hard
sell within organisations sometimes and one reason for this is that
people struggle to link personal action to environmental harm. This
report shows that on our own doorstep species are being lost’. If you
are interested in learning more about the environment, what you and your
organisation can do to protect it
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Stonefly © David Pryce, Buglife
The
two new reports from the Species Status Project have been published by
Natural England in collaboration with Buglife. They assess the
conservation status of 2 groups of insects - leaf beetles (named after
their habit of eating leaves) and stoneflies (aquatic species found in
rivers and streams) – and classifies them as either ‘vulnerable’,
‘endangered’ or ‘critically endangered’ .
The review of leaf beetles found that out of the 283 species in the UK:
- 3 have become extinct in Britain in the last 100 years
- 7 are classified as critically endangered and possibly already extinct in Britain, as they have not been seen since 1950
- 35
are placed on the new red list and considered either ‘critically
endangered’, ‘endangered’ or ‘vulnerable’, and under threat of becoming
extinct in Britain in the near future
Stoneflies fare
slightly better. Out of 34 species found in Great Britain, one is now
extinct, one is vulnerable to extinction, and another now joins the red
list as a critically endangered species.
The 2 reports are the
latest in a series to be published under the Species Status Project,
which will help conservation organisations to target future action. The
Species Status project is a new initiative that provides up-to-date
assessments of the threat status of various species of insects using the
internationally accepted guidelines developed by the International
Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Both groups of insects
are highly sensitive to their environment. Leaf beetles are often
specific to certain plants in certain habitats. Stonefly larvae are
particularly sensitive to organic pollution. They are regarded as
excellent indicators of the health of the natural environment and
targeted action supported by both Natural England and the voluntary
conservation sector is underway to try to prevent further declines in
these species. The reports provide vital new evidence that will help
focus resources on managing habitats in the best way to improve the
conservation status of these overlooked but important insects.
Case studies
Tansy beetle
The
rare and visually stunning iridescent green tansy beetle (Chrysolina
graminis) was once widespread in the Britain living in wetland areas,
but it is currently critically endangered, not just in the UK but across
its worldwide range. It is now a conservation priority species in
England (section 41) species, which means that public bodies have a duty
to protect it, together with its habitat. It was believed to have one
last remaining stronghold in the UK on a 30km stretch of the banks of
the river Ouse in York, mainly eating tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), a
perennial herb which has given the beetle its name. At their York site
they complete their entire life cycle on and around the plant, beside
riverbanks or in wetlands. The site (Clifton Ings and Rawcliffe Meadows)
was confirmed as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in May last
year, and work is underway to improve its habitat and control the
increase of invasive species such as Himalayan balsam which has resulted
in a decline in tansy plants over the past few decades. This has of
course affected tansy beetle numbers.
Recently another population
of tansy beetle was discovered in in the East Anglian fens in July 2014
after a 40 year absence. The discovery at Woodwalton Fen National Nature
Reserve (NNR) was significant as it demonstrates the resilience of the
species when given the right conditions. Natural England has been
working closely with partners on the Great Fen vision to create new
habitat around the NNR, and with the Tansy Beetle Action Group (TBAG) to
study how best to improve conditions for the beetle. Work underway also
includes a recent re-introduction at Wicken Fen.
Hazel pot beetle
Pot
beetles are a fascinating group of petal and leaf-eating beetles that
get their name from the protective shell-like ‘pot’ that the larvae live
in, created using their own droppings. A hazel pot beetle colony was
found in Sherwood Forest in 2008. It was the first time the insect had
been recorded in Sherwood Forest for 70 years. Management techniques
underway include the nurturing of young birch as a food source.
Ten-spotted pot beetle
The
ten-spotted pot beetle occurs on wetland on protected sites. Whilst the
beetle’s numbers continue to be monitored, its future will be linked to
the action plan for lowland raised bogs, its favoured habitat, and
enhancing willow as a food source in its wetland home.
Jon Webb,
Senior Entomologist at Natural England said: “These reviews further
build on our knowledge of the status of these species, helping us to
focus our attention on managing our protected sites appropriately to
support those most in need”.
Steve Falk at Buglife said: “The
recently published State of Nature Report showed that at least two out
of three species of British wildlife are declining, and we know that
many species of invertebrate have already become extinct in Britain.
These reports will put a strong spotlight on those species that will
become extinct over the next few decades unless we take positive action
and try to reduce the many threats facing them.”
The reviews can be found on Natural England’s publications catalogue:
NECR161 - A review of the scarce and threatened beetles of Great Britain: The leaf beetles and their allies; and
NECR174 - A review of the stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Great Britain
Background information
Stoneflies,
or Plecoptera from the Greek, “pleated wing” are an ancient group of
insects, dating from 250 million years ago, with 2,500 known species
worldwide. Unsung inhabitants of the freshwater world, their larvae can
grow to over 30mm in length, making them among the largest invertebrates
found in fresh water. Due to their high oxygen requirements, the larvae
are particularly sensitive to organic pollution.
Leaf beetles are
important as ecological indicators due to the dependency of many
species on complex factors such as vegetation structure. They are found
in a much wider range of habitats then some other groups of insects such
as butterflies, dragonflies and bumblebees. Monitoring their status and
abundance can provide a very useful indication of the ecological
‘health’ of the natural environment.
The Species Recovery Programme
For
more information about England’s red list species and action being
undertaken to ensure their survival, find out about Natural England’s
research and the
Species Recovery Programme.
Source:
Natural England